Introduction

• Tissue culture is an advanced technique of micro propagation used to rapidly multiply disease-free, uniform, and high-yielding planting materials of horticultural crops.
• Banana, citrus, and pineapple are among the most commercially important crops where tissue-cultured plantlets play a crucial role in ensuring quality sapling production.
• However, plantlets directly obtained from tissue culture laboratories are fragile, with underdeveloped root and shoot systems, requiring careful acclimatization and hardening before field planting.
• Proper nursery management of tissue-cultured plantlets ensures higher survival, vigorous growth, and uniformity in the field.