Organic and Alternative Sources

• Fish emulsion and seaweed extracts (supplementary nutrients and growth promoters).
• Compost tea or vermicompost extract (provides micronutrients and beneficial microbes).
• Limitations: Nutrient composition is inconsistent compared to synthetic fertilizers.

Key Considerations

• Nutrients must be highly soluble and free from toxic impurities.
• pH (5.5–6.5) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution should be maintained.
• Regular monitoring is essential to prevent deficiency or toxicity.