Introduction

• Sanitation refers to disposal of waste including refuse (Waste feed, bedding material etc) and screta (dung and urine).
• The cleaning help to preserve the health of the animal and indirectly help to preserve the health of the people who keeps them and live upon the product of these animals cleanliness implies not only freedom from visible dirt, dust and filthy condition but also freedom from diseases germ.

A good husbandry man should pay attention to maintain sanitary condition in cattle yard and stalls.

The main objectives of barn sanitation are:

• Prevention of disease
• Promotion of health of animal to maintain the hygienic condition of animal products

Factors affecting maintenance of barn sanitation

Location and quality of animal sheds and stalls: The building should be established at the higher elevation than the surrounding to facilitate drainage. The foundation soil should be hard. The floor, the wall and the roof must be cemented to prevent dampness.

Light and ventilation: Sunlight and heat acts as a powerful disinfectant. Direct sun rays kills many germs and mitigate the action of others by their oxidizing and desiccating properties. In the livestock farm there must be provision of constant supply of fresh air and replacement of foul air by managing proper ventilation.

Water supply: There must be permanent source of clean drinking water. Water is used for cleaning sheds and washing the animals. Boiling water and stem acts as disinfectants.

Disposal of waste: the refuse and animal screta attract abundant of flies. It also acts as breeding place of flies and other insects. Screta (Faeces and urine) containing large number of pathogen. Contaminated food and water of sick animals and dead carcass are source of contamination to the healthy herds. Therefore, proper care should be given to dispose these wastes in proper way. Burning, deep burial of dead animals and spreading of lime is safe. Dung, urine and bedding materials should be disposed in compost pit, biogas, and sewerage disposal system so that the shed hygiene is not disturb.

Healthy animal: Sick and suspected animal should be housed separately in isolation pen. Disease is usually carried from one animal to another or from one place to another. Disease like TB, RP, and anthrax are directly spread through contact.

Cleanliness of the workers and utensils: Animal attendant and workers can become the source of contaminated in cattle shed. They should maintain personal hygiene and shed hygiene. They should be provided with clean uniform. There must be provision of soap, and towel in the shed. The utensil should properly clean and disinfected. Regular cleaning, washing, scrubbing, scarffing and dusting is essential to remove the pathogenic organism during outbreak of contagious disease, burning of straw, bedding material and other dry refuse should be practiced.