Management of Producing Cows

• Etgen and Reaves (1978) describe of the milch  cow \ buffalo as sort of machine
• To obtain  most  economically  produced and  high  quality product(milk) out of  this machine  several  things  have taken  care of.
• First, the machine (cow) should be located (housed) in the comfortable building.
• The machine has to be used very carefully and well maintained (handling, washing, grooming, health program etc).
• The machine should be  fed low cost  but  good quality  raw product (feeds fodder, water etc)
• By constant endeavors (selection and breeding) the design and performance (anatomy and physiology). Obsolete (old and low yielder) machines are to be dispensed with (culled) and newer ones (herd replacements) to be procured.
• Finally the end of product (milk)  should  be harvested in such a way  that  its  quality (bacterial  status)  and quantity  should  be in highest 

The component of different management practices that help in a greater number of cow remaining in high state of milk production are

• Feeding balanced ration as per nutrient requirements
• Maintenance of high standard of the health in the herd
• Prevention of exposure to all possible management stress and strains on producing cows.
• Stick to comply regular schedule of different management practices on a dairy farm.
• Protection of cows  and buffaloes  specially  high yielder , against  thermal stress  which  is a key  factor  for  successful dairying  in the tropics . These have an adverse effect on their production and reproduction efficiency.