Preventive measures of disease

Start with healthy stocks: – Animals must be rigidly examined for abnormalities, signs of illness, must come from reliable parental stocks and must be under isolation for a minimum of 30 days after purchases’.

Isolation: – Isolation means segregation of animals which are known to be or suspected to be affected with a contagious disease from the apparently healthy. Segregated animals should be housed separately in isolation pen.

Quarantine: – Quarantine is the segregation of apparently healthy animals (especially newly brought) which have been exposed to the risk of infection from those animals which are healthy and unexposed to the risk of infection. Quarantine period of 30 days covers almost all disease. During the quarantine period animal should be thoroughly screened for parasite infection by fecal examination and deworming carried out on the 23^rd / 24^th day. The animals should also be subjected to dipping or spraying on the 25^th / 26^th day.

Vaccination: – Vaccination is a practice of artificially building up in the animal body immunity against specific infectious diseases by injecting biological agents called vaccines.

Elimination of carriers: – Animal apparently in good health, harbors the organism in its tissues. Such germ carrying animals are known as carriers. Causative organism is eliminated from the body sooner or later of the carriers.

• Provide adequate quantity ration since well-nourished animal do not only perform better but are more resistant to infectious and parasitic agents.
• For the unconfined stock or pastured herd with a high incidence of liver fluke deworming with effective flukicide every 3-4 months will help to control this parasites.
• Give optimum protection from environmental stresses by providing proper housing and clean water supply.
• Prompt waste disposal should be done to rid houses and pens of pests and insects which thrive on manure and other wastes.
• Graze in pasture relatively safe from infective stages of internal parasites particularly liver fluke. For the latter, snail control and pasture management should be complimented with regular deworming with an effective flukicide.
• Deworm regularly for the gastro-intestinal parasite.