Course Content
Functional Anatomy of digestive tract: Monogastric and Ruminants
0/2
Prehension, Mastication, Deglutition Movement of stomach, small intestine and large intestine, Mastication and defecation.
0/5
Saliva (composition, secretion, function) Pancreatic/bile/intestinal juice- regulation, composition and function
0/4
Digestion in ruminant stomach, microbial activities in stomach and intestine
0/2
Absorption of food stuffs, Place of absorption, Mechanism of Absorption, Absorption of Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat and Waters.
0/1
Digestion in poultry
0/1
Kidney: Structure of Nephron, Histological peculiarities, blood supply of kidney
0/2
Methods of studying Renal function, mechanism of urine formation, micturition
0/3
Physical characteristics and composition of urine in health and diseases
0/2
Role of kidney in acid base balance and electrolyte balance
0/2
Excretion of urine in birds
0/2
Skin: function, sebaceous and sweat glands and their functions, thermoregulation, maintenance of body temperature
0/2
Cutaneous receptor organs, Peripheral nerves, Spinal cord and reflex action
0/4
Brain stem and cerebellum, Cerebral hemisphere, Conditioned reflex, Wakefulness and sleep
0/5
Autonomic nervous system, general arrangement and chemical transmission
0/1
Learn Physiology II (Digestive, Execratory and Nervous system) with Sonika

Peripheral nerves:          

  • Nerves which arise from the Central Nervous System.

On basis of their composition, they are:

  1. Sensory or efferent nerve:
  • Formed of only sensory nerve fibre.
  • Conduct impulse from sense organ to CNS.

 

  1. Motor or efferent nerve:
  • Formed of only motor nerve fibres
  • Conduct impulse from CNS to sense organ.

 

  1. Mixed nerve:
  • Formed of both sensory and motor nerve fibres.
  • Conduct impulse to and from CNS.

On the basis of their origin,

A. Cranial nerve

  • Nerve arise from brain
  • Made up of sensory neuron, motor neurons or mixed neurons.
  • Reptiles, Birds, Mammals have 12 pairs of cranial nerve
  • Fishes and amphibian have 10 pairs.
  1. Olfactory nerve – sensory
  2. Optic – sensory
  3. Occulomotor – motor
  4. Trochlear ­– motor
  5. Trigeminal – mixed
  6. Abducens – motor
  7. Facial – mixed
  8. Auditory – sensory
  9. Glossophyarangeal – mixed
  10. Vagus – mixed
  11. Accesoory – motor
  12. Hypoglossal – motor

11 and 12 are absent in lower vertebrates.

 

B. Spinal nerves

  • Nerve which arise from spinal cord
  • All spinal nerves are mixed neurons.
  • This is 36 pairs in dog, 49- 51 pairs in cow, 50-56 pairs in horse, etc

 

 

Cervical vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Sacral vertebrae

Coccygeal vertebrae

Sheep

7

13

6-7

4

16-18

Ox

7

13

6

5

18-20

Horse

7

18

6

4

15-21

Pig

7

14

6-7

4

20-23

Rabbit

7

12

4

4

16

Dog

7

13

3

3

20-23

Fowl

13-14

7

14

7