Course Content
Rural Sociology: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Relationship, Importance in Nepalese Context and Relationship with Agricultural Extension and Other Social Sciences
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Sociology
Nature of rural sociology
Relationship of Sociology with other sciences
Importance of Rural Sociology in Nepal
Social Values and Attitudes: Meaning, Definition, Types and Role of Social Values and Attitudes in Agricultural extension
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Social values: Meaning and definition
Role of social values and attitudes in agricultural extension
Nepalese Rural Society
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Characteristics of Nepalese Rural Society
Culture and cultural concepts
Some important terminologies related to culture
Types of Culture
Some important terminologies
Rural Urban Continuum: Concept, Differences and Relationship Between Rural Urban Societies.
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Rural Urban Continuum
Differences between rural and urban society
Social Groups: Meaning and Definition and Classification of Groups
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Meaning and definition
Classification of social group
Factors Considered in Formation and Organization of Groups, Stage of Group Formation, Role of Social Groups in Agricultural Extension
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Factors considered in formation and organization of groups
Stage of group formation
Social Process (Process of Social Interaction): Basic Concepts, Accommodation, Adjustment, Amalgamation, Cooperation, Consensus, Competition, Conflict and Integration
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Basic concept
Accommodation
Forms of accommodation
Some terminologies
Cooperation
Competition
Conflict
Integration
Conflict Stages, Conflict Intensity, Continuum and Conflict Management
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Conflict
Conflict intensity
Conflict continuum
Conflict management
Social Movement: Meaning and Causes of Social Movement, Early and Recent Theories and Types of Social Movement
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Introduction
Factors of social movement
Types of people who are motivated for social movement
Early theories of social movement
Recent theories of social movement
Types of movements
Social Stratification: Meaning, Bases (Class, Caste, Age and Gender), Viewpoints on Stratification: Functional, Marx and Max Weber
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Introduction
Bases of social stratification
Viewpoints on stratification
Social Stratification and Inequality: Caste/ Ethnic and Regional Exclusion in Nepal
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Caste/ethnicity in Nepal
Regional inequality
Rural-Social Institutions: Concept and Functions
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Rural-social Institution: Concept and Function
Household, family and its types- marriage systems
Essential features of family
Types of family
Marriage
Farming, fishing and hunting
Exchange labour
Political institution: Government
Religious institution: Types, maintenance and followers
Social Problems and Their Solution
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Social problems
Socialization: Meaning, Stages and Agents of Socialization
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Socialization: Meaning
Agents of socialization
Overview of Theories of Socialization Self by Cooley, Mead and Freud
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Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead
Sigmund Freud
Social Change: Meaning and Factors of Social Change
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Meaning
Factors of Social Change
Agricultural Technology and Rural Social Change
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Technological Factors in Social Change
Social System: Meaning and Elements of Social System
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Social system: Meaning
Social Deviance and Social Control: Meaning, Types and Mechanism
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Social deviance: meaning
Classifications of deviance
Mechanisms of deviance
Social control: meaning
Leadership Meaning, Classification, Function and Role of Local Farm Leader in Agricultural Develop
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Leadership meaning
Leadership classification
Leadership function
Role of farm leader in agricultural development
Qualities of a Good Leader
Education, Psychology, Educational Psychology, Social Psychology: Definitions and Importance in Agricultural Extension
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Education
Psychology
Educational Psychology
Importance of educational psychology in agricultural extension
Social Psychology
Importance of social psychology
Basic Principle of Human Behaviour; Sensation, Attention, Perception: Meaning and Characteristics. Basic Concept of Change in the Behaviour, Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. Characteristics and Differences Between Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Education
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Human behaviour
Attention
Perception
Change in Behaviour, Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes: Key Points
Formal, non-formal and informal education
Concept of Learning; Three Domains of Learning. Types of Learners, Theorist, Pragmatist, Reflectors and Activists. Learning Cycles: Conceptualization, Construction and The Dialogue
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Learning: Concept
Three domains of learning/ Bloom’s taxonomy of learning
Types of learners (Peter Honey and Alan Mumford, 1986)
Learning cycles (Mayes and Fowler’s model)
Learning Theories: Four Learning Theories and Thorndike’s Four Laws of Learning
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Introduction
Thorndike’s Four Laws of Learning
Effective Teaching Learning Elements. Factors Affecting Effective Teaching Learning Situation
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Effective teaching learning elements
Factors affecting effective teaching learning situation
Basic Psychological Concepts: Intelligence, Personality, Motivation, Emotions, Attitudes and Social perception
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Intelligence
Personality
Social perception
Personality: Traits, Types and Measurement. Factors Influencing the Personality Motivation: Significance, Techniques; Perception: Determinants, Errors; Attitudes: Factors Influencing the Development of Attitudes
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Personality
Measurement of personality
Motivation
Perception
Attitudes
Learn Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology with Rahul

Conflict continuum

  • The Conflict Continuum is a visual representation of the resolution processes available to parties involved in a dispute.
  • The continuum also represents the balance of costs and the control over outcome involved in resolving a dispute.
  • As the disputing parties move from left to right across the continuum the cost of resolving the dispute increase and the control the parties maintain over the outcome decreases.
  • This creates an organic-rational incentive for parties to settle their disputes through negotiation or mediation.
  • The phases of conflict continuum is given below:

Avoidance: Not addressing the controversial issue. Avoidance can be a temporary measure or a permanent means of disposing of a matter.

Negotiation: Back-and-forth communication designed to reach an agreement between two or more parties with some interests that are shared and others that may conflict or simply be different. It may be verbal, nonverbal, explicit, implicit, direct, or through intermediaries.

 

Mediation: Negotiation between two or more parties facilitated by an agreed-upon third party. Skilled third-party mediators can lower the emotional temperature in a negotiation, foster more effective communication, help uncover less obvious interests, offer face-saving possibilities for movement, and suggest solutions that the parties might have overlooked.

 

Arbitration: Disputants present their case to an impartial third party, who then makes a decision for them which resolves the conflict. Arbitration differs from mediation in which third party simply helps the disputants develop a solution on their own.

 

Litigation: Process of taking a legal action. A contest authorized by law, in a court of justice, for the purpose of enforcing a right.

 

Self-help: Unilateral action by one of the parties designed to affect change.

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