Course Content
Rural Sociology: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Relationship, Importance in Nepalese Context and Relationship with Agricultural Extension and Other Social Sciences
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Sociology
Nature of rural sociology
Relationship of Sociology with other sciences
Importance of Rural Sociology in Nepal
Social Values and Attitudes: Meaning, Definition, Types and Role of Social Values and Attitudes in Agricultural extension
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Social values: Meaning and definition
Role of social values and attitudes in agricultural extension
Nepalese Rural Society
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Characteristics of Nepalese Rural Society
Culture and cultural concepts
Some important terminologies related to culture
Types of Culture
Some important terminologies
Rural Urban Continuum: Concept, Differences and Relationship Between Rural Urban Societies.
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Rural Urban Continuum
Differences between rural and urban society
Social Groups: Meaning and Definition and Classification of Groups
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Meaning and definition
Classification of social group
Factors Considered in Formation and Organization of Groups, Stage of Group Formation, Role of Social Groups in Agricultural Extension
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Factors considered in formation and organization of groups
Stage of group formation
Social Process (Process of Social Interaction): Basic Concepts, Accommodation, Adjustment, Amalgamation, Cooperation, Consensus, Competition, Conflict and Integration
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Basic concept
Accommodation
Forms of accommodation
Some terminologies
Cooperation
Competition
Conflict
Integration
Conflict Stages, Conflict Intensity, Continuum and Conflict Management
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Conflict
Conflict intensity
Conflict continuum
Conflict management
Social Movement: Meaning and Causes of Social Movement, Early and Recent Theories and Types of Social Movement
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Introduction
Factors of social movement
Types of people who are motivated for social movement
Early theories of social movement
Recent theories of social movement
Types of movements
Social Stratification: Meaning, Bases (Class, Caste, Age and Gender), Viewpoints on Stratification: Functional, Marx and Max Weber
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Introduction
Bases of social stratification
Viewpoints on stratification
Social Stratification and Inequality: Caste/ Ethnic and Regional Exclusion in Nepal
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Caste/ethnicity in Nepal
Regional inequality
Rural-Social Institutions: Concept and Functions
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Rural-social Institution: Concept and Function
Household, family and its types- marriage systems
Essential features of family
Types of family
Marriage
Farming, fishing and hunting
Exchange labour
Political institution: Government
Religious institution: Types, maintenance and followers
Social Problems and Their Solution
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Social problems
Socialization: Meaning, Stages and Agents of Socialization
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Socialization: Meaning
Agents of socialization
Overview of Theories of Socialization Self by Cooley, Mead and Freud
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Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead
Sigmund Freud
Social Change: Meaning and Factors of Social Change
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Meaning
Factors of Social Change
Agricultural Technology and Rural Social Change
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Technological Factors in Social Change
Social System: Meaning and Elements of Social System
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Social system: Meaning
Social Deviance and Social Control: Meaning, Types and Mechanism
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Social deviance: meaning
Classifications of deviance
Mechanisms of deviance
Social control: meaning
Leadership Meaning, Classification, Function and Role of Local Farm Leader in Agricultural Develop
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Leadership meaning
Leadership classification
Leadership function
Role of farm leader in agricultural development
Qualities of a Good Leader
Education, Psychology, Educational Psychology, Social Psychology: Definitions and Importance in Agricultural Extension
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Education
Psychology
Educational Psychology
Importance of educational psychology in agricultural extension
Social Psychology
Importance of social psychology
Basic Principle of Human Behaviour; Sensation, Attention, Perception: Meaning and Characteristics. Basic Concept of Change in the Behaviour, Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes. Characteristics and Differences Between Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Education
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Human behaviour
Attention
Perception
Change in Behaviour, Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes: Key Points
Formal, non-formal and informal education
Concept of Learning; Three Domains of Learning. Types of Learners, Theorist, Pragmatist, Reflectors and Activists. Learning Cycles: Conceptualization, Construction and The Dialogue
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Learning: Concept
Three domains of learning/ Bloom’s taxonomy of learning
Types of learners (Peter Honey and Alan Mumford, 1986)
Learning cycles (Mayes and Fowler’s model)
Learning Theories: Four Learning Theories and Thorndike’s Four Laws of Learning
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Introduction
Thorndike’s Four Laws of Learning
Effective Teaching Learning Elements. Factors Affecting Effective Teaching Learning Situation
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Effective teaching learning elements
Factors affecting effective teaching learning situation
Basic Psychological Concepts: Intelligence, Personality, Motivation, Emotions, Attitudes and Social perception
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Intelligence
Personality
Social perception
Personality: Traits, Types and Measurement. Factors Influencing the Personality Motivation: Significance, Techniques; Perception: Determinants, Errors; Attitudes: Factors Influencing the Development of Attitudes
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Personality
Measurement of personality
Motivation
Perception
Attitudes
Learn Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology with Rahul

Technological Factors in Social Change

  • Technology transforms society by changing the environment, prompting people to adapt.
  • Mechanization has restructured the economic system and devalued old social structures and ideologies.
  • Technological inventions (electricity, steam, petrol engines, etc.) affect transport, communication, production, and daily life.
  • Even family and marriage institutions are influenced by technological advancements.
  • A change in technology causes changes in customs, institutions, labor division, specialization, and speed of life.

 

Changes in Production Technology

  • Shift from domestic work to factory jobs has empowered women economically and socially.
  • New agricultural tools and chemicals have boosted production and raised rural living standards.
  • Fewer laborers needed in agriculture led to migration to cities for jobs.

 

Changes in Communication

  • Traditional communication methods are being replaced by modern technology.
  • This improves interpersonal understanding across groups and enhances education, politics, trade, and entertainment.
  • ICT tools (like mobile and internet) modernize rural farming and information access.

 

Changes in Transportation

  • Improved transport systems enable faster movement of people and goods.
  • Farmers can now reach markets faster, especially with perishable products.
  • It strengthens the link between rural production and urban markets.

 

Derivative Social Effects

  • Technology has continuous and deepening influence on society.
  • Example: Cultivator use reduces labor time but also causes unemployment among farm workers.
  • Rural rich-poor gap widens, as not all farmers can afford modern tools.
  • Technological change is not always a boon; its use must be balanced and welfare-focused.
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